This study investigates the Cu concentration in the Uretara Stream where the surrounding land use is predominantly kiwifruit orchards, using grab samples and passive samplers. Ellie McLellan, Environmental Management student, Massey University, 2017.

Abstract (read the full research report here)

Long term application of copper (Cu) based horticultural products can result in a build-up of Cu in the immediate soil where it has the potential to be transferred to nearby surface waters and negatively affect aquatic life. Copper product application has increased in the Bay of Plenty Region in New Zealand to treat the kiwifruit vine disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinida (Psa) and also increasing the risk that the application of these products could be affecting surface waters. Bay of Plenty Regional Council does not currently regularly monitor freshwater environments for Cu and any influence horticultural areas have on Cu concentrations in nearby surface waters has not been established. This study investigates the Cu concentration in the Uretara Stream of the Western Bay of Plenty Region, where the surrounding land use is predominantly kiwifruit orchards, using grab samples and passive samplers. Sampling was conducted over a period of three weeks with passive sampler deployments of 7 and 14 days. This study established that the measured Cu concentrations in the water column and sediment of the Uretara Stream are unlikely to be of a concern to aquatic life and the use of passive samplers is a viable method.